After establishing enough data points to reliably predict what the combination of rifle, ammo, and shooter are capable of every single shot, you can identify outliers as fliers. Short of establishing the data points, you are guessing. So that number you seek is something you must identify for yourself.

Please describe the level of precision you consider achievable so that I can better see your point. Or, to ask it another way, what is your definition of a flyer using a given set of parameters?

That's a loaded question in that the accuracy of the shooter, their rifle, and their ammo are three different variables.

For me, a flyer is an initial shot through a clean, cold barrel, using factory ammo that was later found to be more than 3/4 of an inch from the next shot taken when using only a forearm rest at a distance of 100 yards. For some, it might even be 1/2 inch or less using a more solid rest. In other words, it leaves the shooter thinking the difference between the two POI's is most likely due to the limitations of their shooting skills or accuracy of the ammo, than the state of the barrel.

Your question brings to mind how people often post photos of targets, but without any reference to the state of the barrel or what type of rest was being used when the shots are taken. It would be interesting to see what's possible with a clean, cold barrel as opposed to one that's heavily fouled.

I must share a comment made in another forum concerning whether or not a rifle bore should be left wet or dry. “If she’s wet, she’s ready for action.”

^^The dumbest thing anyone will read on the internet today.

Ok Dan. The first two targets are doing some work on a load within an accuracy node at 100 yards with my savage model 16. They are three shot groups. It is a .223 hunting rig with a 2-10x scope. It is a sporter and it shoots good with a fouled barrel. 8208 is like pixie dust in it. The 25.3 grain 3 shot group was 0.188” center to center.
The 25.3 grain load shot 0.138” center to center.

I settled on 25.3 grains. I loaded five more to confirm the accuracy is repeatable and not a fluke, so this target is a five shot group. After adjusting the sights to the zero I plan to hunt with, center to center the group size for five is .258”.

I am a hunter and monkey around with hunting rifles. Some of these target guys are a lot more serious than me.